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Article 183. The conclusion of a transaction by an unauthorized person

📅 Updated: 30.09.2026

1. If there is no authority to act on behalf of another person or if such authority is exceeded, the transaction shall be deemed to have been concluded on behalf of and for the benefit of the perpetrator, unless the other person (d) Until approval of the transaction by the other party submitted by declaration to the person making the transaction or to the person submitting the transaction, the other party has the right to refuse the transaction to a single party. 2. Subsequent approval by the debtor of the transaction shall be subject to the same procedure unless, in the course of the transaction, it knew or ought to have known that the person making the transaction did not have the authority or exceeded it. 3. If the submitting party has refused to approve the transaction or has refused to respond to it, it shall establish, modify and terminate civil rights and obligations for the transaction as soon as it is made. If the proposed approval has not been received within a reasonable time, the other party is entitled to request the unauthorised person who made the transaction to perform the transaction or to refuse to do so. Losses are not compensable if, in the course of the transaction, the other party knew or ought to have known of the lack of authority or About their exceeding.