Article 1457: Period of validity of the exclusive right to to topologue

1. The exclusive right to topology shall be valid for a period of ten years. 2. The duration of the exclusive right to topology shall be calculated either from the date of the first use of the topology by which it is intended to be used. is the earliest documented date of introduction into civilian traffic in the Russian Federation or any foreign State of this topology, or the integrated chip into which This topology, or articles that include such an integrated chip, has been included, or since the date of registration of topology with the Federal Executive on Intellectual Property. 3. In the event of the emergence of an identical original topology independently created by the other author, the exclusive rights to both topologys p.e. 4. After the end of the exclusive right, topology is transferred to the public domain, i.e. to the public domain. They may be freely used by any person without his or her consent or permission and without payment of remuneration.